Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a potentially life-threatening sleep disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep.  Sleep apnea is derived from the Greek etymology meaning "without breath."  Breathing pauses can last from several seconds to minutes and happen as often as 30 times or more per hour.  Ongoing disrupted breathing causes an imbalance between the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the bloodstream, as not enough carbon dioxide exits and insufficient oxygen enters the body.

Sensing this imbalance, the brain sends a message to the body, telling it to wake up to restart the breathing process.  People with sleep apnea will partially awake as they struggle to breathe, and this is often accompanied by loud snoring or choking sensations.  Because people with sleep apnea don't always completely awake during the episodes, they are often unaware they have a sleeping disorder, and it can remain undiagnosed.

There are two main types of this disorder: central sleep apnea, which occurs when the brain fails to send important signals to the breathing muscles, and obstructive sleep apnea, which occurs when air cannot flow through the nose or mouth even though the body is still trying to breathe.  Obstructive sleep apnea is far more prevalent and may be easily treatable by a dentist.

Common signs of obstructive sleep apnea can include severe early morning headaches, gum recession, grinding one's teeth, cavities, gum disease, acid reflux, sleepiness in the daytime, and insomnia.  Fortunately, the dentist is equipped with the necessary technology and expertise to treat sleep apnea in several different ways.

Reason for treating sleep apnea

It is very important to seek medical attention if sleep apnea is suspected.  A sufferer can completely stop breathing numerous times per hour, and this can quickly turn into a deadly situation.  Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the soft tissue at the back of the patient's throat collapses into the airway.  The tongue then falls towards the back of the throat, which tightens the blockage and prevents oxygen from entering the lungs.

The problem worsens when the chest region, diaphragm, and abdomen fight for air.  As the body tries to obtain vital oxygen, its efforts only cause a further tightening of the blockage.  The patient must arouse from deep sleep to tense the tongue and remove the soft tissue from the airway.

Because sleep apnea causes carbon dioxide levels to skyrocket in the blood and oxygen levels to decrease, the heart has to pump harder and faster to compensate for the lack of oxygen.  Sleep apnea patients can technically "die" many times each night.  Sleep apnea has been linked to a series of serious heart-related conditions and should be investigated by a medical professional at the earliest opportunity.

What does sleep apnea treatment involve?

Initially, the dentist will want to conduct tests to investigate and pinpoint a suitable treatment.  The dentist can offer many different treatment options, depending on the diagnosis and the patient's health.  The dentist may advise the patient to halt some habits that aggravate sleep apnea, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and tranquilizer use.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines were traditionally used to keep the patient's airways open while they slept.   Nowadays, there are some less intrusive options.  Dental devices that move and hold the lower jaw forward effectively prevent the tongue from blocking the main air passage.  These dental devices are gentle, easy to wear, and often help patients avoid unwanted surgeries.  Myofunctional therapy and frenectomy surgeries have also been shown to be effective treatments.

If you feel you may benefit from sleep apnea treatment, contact our practice today.